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Clinical Skills
A Doctor needs to be able to perform certain skills in the outpatient clinic as well as in emergency situations. Some of these many skills include clear and honest communication with patients, understanding the pillars of medical ethics and incorporating them into their lives, and learning how to handle difficult patients.
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A-E Assessment
The A-E assessment consists of all the steps that must be taken when receiving a patient in the emergency room. It is a step-by-step checklist where the Doctor looks for any problems in each system and stabilizes them on the way so that they can make a proper diagnosis. But what is the acronym? A-airway B-breathing C-circulation D-disability E-exposure. We will go through these steps throughout our sessions so hang tight!
Breaking Bad News
Unfortunately, Doctors must regularly break bad news to patients. It is part of the job to encounter certain diseases that cannot be treated, latrogenic (caused by medical treatment) or idiopathic diseases (ones that occur simultaneously without a known cause). Whether a blood sample has gotten lost, or a patient has been diagnosed with a terminal illness, you never know how they are going to react to these obstacles. So, it's good to have a format to follow when encountering such problems. This format is called SPIKES. S-set up, P-perception, I-invitation, K-knowledge, E-emotion/empathy, S-strategy and summary.
Taking a Medical History
When patients come knocking by your door with a problem they are experiencing, there are certain questions and investigations (tests) that you must take to reach an accurate diagnosis. Especially for a GP, taking a Medical History is extremely important to diagnose a patient because it recognizes the biological and environmental factors that could trigger a disease. The acronym used for taking a medical history is P3MAFTOSA (which we will discuss in the future).
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Medical Ethics
Who would you provide a life-saving ventilator for? A 60-year-old woman with a history of diabetes, hypertension, and heart problems, or a 30-year-old man without any chronic conditions? This is where medical ethics come into play.There are four pillars of medical ethics that Doctors must follow and implement in their daily practice. These pillars include: Beneficence, Non-Maleficence, Justice, and Autonomy. However, following these ethics is not always easy. More often than not, these pillars contradict and it is up to the Doctor to follow the most suitable pillar.
Systems Examinations
When a patient comes to you with a cough, what system would you examine? The Respiratory system. Each presenting complaint that a patient comes in with is related to a certain system, and Doctors must be able to examine whichever system that is to ascertain what the problem may be. This is what an examination is and across all systems it is relatively the same: Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, and Auscultation.
Suturing
This clinical skill is more specific to surgeons; however, it is still an important skill to learn both for Physicians and students in their daily lives and sports. Suturing involves the process of stitching the skin back together over a deep wound by using a needle and thread, otherwise called a non-absorbable stitch. There are different kinds of sutures that can be used depending on the shape of the wound or the preference of the Doctor. These types of sutures include the interrupted suture, continuous suture, and lock and stitch suture.
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